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1.
Braz. arch. biol. technol ; 63: e20190204, 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1132263

ABSTRACT

Abstract Microalgae are potential sources of a wide range of bioproducts. It is essential to choose the proper microalgae strain and culture condition to achieve an efficient production. The production yield of carotenoids by Dunaliella salina under the stress-induced culture conditions of nitrogen deprivation and excessive light intensity was evaluated. Also, a survey at laboratorial scale of the growth kinetics under different culture conditions of photoperiod, aeration, and agitation was performed for the seven species of green microalgae Ankistrodesmus fusiformis, Chlamydocapsa bacillus, Desmodesmus brasiliensis, Kirchneriella lunaris, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, and Scenedesmus obliquus. As a result, aeration of atmospheric air is enough to improve the growth kinetics of the seven species studied. Production of carotenoids was enhanced under stress by excessive light intensity. Although D. salina does not grow effectively under nitrogen deprivation, this stress condition may be used to quickly stimulate carotenoid production once the culture reaches a high cellular population.


Subject(s)
Carotenoids/biosynthesis , Chlorophyceae/growth & development , Chlorophyceae/chemistry , Stress, Physiological , Biotechnology , Kinetics , Biomass
2.
Braz. j. microbiol ; 49(4): 872-878, Oct.-Dec. 2018. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-974308

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT In order for the use of biological carotenoids to become feasible, it is necessary to have adequate low cost sources and improved methods of cultivation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of supplementation with nitrogen, phosphorus, zinc, and magnesium, on the biomass and carotenoid volumetric production by yeast Rhodotorula rubra L02 using a complex medium (sugarcane juice) and synthetic media (sucrose and maltose) as substrates. The experimental design used for each substrate was randomized in blocks with 16 treatments and 3 repetitions. The treatments were compound for 15 different combinations of nutrients (N; Mg; Zn; P, N + Mg; N + Zn; N + P; Mg + Zn; Mg + P; Zn + P; N + P + Zn; N + P + Mg; N + Zn + Mg; P + Zn + Mg; N + Zn + Mg + P) alone and combined, and a control. The results were submitted to analysis of variance and Tukey test at 5% significance level. Among the treatments evaluated, the highest production of dry biomass, with both maltose and sucrose, was observed for Mg (1.60 g/L and 1.94 g/L, respectively). Additionally, another treatment that stood out in terms of biomass production was the control treatment with maltose (1.54 g/L). After the incubation time, killer activity was not observed since there was no formation of inhibition halo around the L02 yeast.


Subject(s)
Rhodotorula/metabolism , Carotenoids/biosynthesis , Culture Media/chemical synthesis , Saccharum/microbiology , Rhodotorula/growth & development , Rhodotorula/genetics , Biomass , Culture Media/metabolism , Culture Media/chemistry , Saccharum/metabolism , Nitrogen/metabolism
3.
Nutrire Rev. Soc. Bras. Aliment. Nutr ; 42: 1-11, Dec. 2017. tab, ilus, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-881182

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:The purpose of the study was to extract carotenoids from thermophilic bacteria which show efficient antioxidant and protein oxidation inhibition properties, characterize and identify those isolates, extract the carotenoids in different solvents, quantify the carotenoids and perform concentration-dependent and solvent-dependent quantitative assays validated and analysed by appropriate statistical tests. METHODS: Three pigment-forming thermophilic strains were isolated from water sample of Paniphala hot spring, India, and tentatively identified by 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) homology. Different concentrations of the carotenoid extracts (100, 80, 40 and 20µg) in three solvents, methanol, DMSO and water, were used to determine the antioxidant activity through five methods: the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) assay, the ABTS (2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenz-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) assay, the hydrogen peroxide assay, TOC (total antioxidant capacity) assay and inhibition of protein oxidation assay. Statistical analysis of mean, standard deviation, ANOVA and Pearson correlationcoefficient was performed in Microsoft Excel statistical package.Results:The isolates were tentatively identified as Meiothermussp. strain RP, Meiothermussp. strain TP and Thermusstrain YY.Meiothermussp. formed red coloured pigment, where as Thermussp. formed yellow coloured pigment. Allof the extracts showed positive results in DPPH assay, ABTS assay and hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging assaywith best results obtained when the extracts were dissolved in water. Total antioxidant capacity assay was also highin all the extracts. Protein oxidation inhibition activity was only seen in extracts of strain YY. One-way ANOVA(analysis of variance) clearly showed that choice of solvent influenced the antioxidant capacity of all of the extracts. CONCLUSIONS: Newer and efficient antioxidative compounds are constantly being searched for, and the carotenoid extracts of RP, TP and YY have been shown to catalyze various types of antioxidative reactions, including proteinoxidation inhibition by YY. Thus, all these extracts have huge potential to be industrially and pharmaceutically useful.


Subject(s)
Advanced Oxidation Protein Products/analysis , Bacteria/isolation & purification , Carotenoids/biosynthesis , Carotenoids/therapeutic use
4.
Electron. j. biotechnol ; 27: 25-31, May. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1010164

ABSTRACT

Background: Rhodotorula glutinis is capable of synthesizing numerous valuable metabolites with extensive potential industrial usage. This paper reports the effect of initial culture medium pH on growth and protein, lipid, and carotenoid biosynthesis by R. glutinis. Results: The highest biomass yield was obtained in media with pH 4.0­7.0, and the value after 72 h was 17.2­19.4 gd.w./L. An initial pH of the medium in the range of 4.0­7.0 has no significant effect on the protein (38.5­41.3 g/100 gd.w.), lipid (10.2­12.7 g/100 gd.w.), or carotenoid (191.7­202.9 µg/gd.w.) content in the biomass or on the profile of synthesized fatty acids and carotenoids. The whole pool of fatty acids was dominated by oleic (48.1­53.4%), linoleic (21.4­25.1%), and palmitic acids (13.0­15.8%). In these conditions, the yeast mainly synthesized torulene (43.5­47.7%) and ß-carotene (34.7­38.6%), whereas the contribution of torularhodin was only 12.1­16.8%. Cultivation in medium with initial pH 3.0 resulted in a reduction in growth (13.0 gd.w./L) and total carotenoid (115.8 µg/gd.w.), linoleic acid (11.5%), and torularhodin (4.5%) biosynthesis. Conclusion: The different values of initial pH of the culture medium with glycerol and deproteinized potato wastewater had a significant effect on the growth and protein, lipid, and carotenoid biosynthesis by R. glutinis.


Subject(s)
Rhodotorula/metabolism , Carotenoids/biosynthesis , Yeasts , Solanum tuberosum , Proteins/metabolism , Biomass , Wastewater , Glycerol , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Lipids/biosynthesis
5.
Electron. j. biotechnol ; 17(3): 107-113, May 2014. ilus, graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-719099

ABSTRACT

Background The properties of natural pigments, such as antioxidants, functional, medical, and nutraceutical, have demonstrated the advantages of these natural compounds over synthetic ones. Some products are accepted only when they are pigmented with natural, food-quality colorants: for example poultry products (manly marigold flower extracts). Carotenoids such as β-carotene, β-criptoxanthin and lutein are very attractive as natural food colorants due to their antioxidant and pro-vitamin activities which provide additional value to the target products. Marigold (Tagetes erecta) is an Asteraceous ornamental plant native to Mexico, and it is also important as a carotenoid source for industrial and medicinal purposes but nowadays its production is destined mainly for ornamental purposes. Results Friable callus of T. erecta yellow flower (YF) and white flower (WF) varieties was induced from leaf explants on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 9.0 µM 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 8.8 µM benzyladenine (BA). Calluses developed from both varieties were different in pigmentation. Extract characterization from callus cultures was carried out by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). This analytical process detected several carotenoids; the main pigments in extracts from YF callus were lutein and zeaxanthin, whereas in the extracts of the WF callus the main pigments were lutein, zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin and β-carotene. Callus cultures of T. erecta accumulated pigments even after several rounds of subculture. Conclusions WF callus appeared to be a suitable candidate as a source of different carotenoids, and tested varieties could represent an alternative for further studies about in vitro pigment production.


Subject(s)
Carotenoids/biosynthesis , Tagetes/growth & development , Tagetes/metabolism , 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid , Plant Growth Regulators , Lutein , Pigmentation , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Germination , Culture Techniques
6.
Biol. Res ; 46(2): 201-206, 2013. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-683998

ABSTRACT

The fresh-water green unicellular alga Haematococcus pluvialis is known to accumulate astaxanthin under stress conditions. In the present study, transcriptional expression of eight genes involved in astaxanthin biosynthesis exposed to EBR (25 and 50 mg/L) was analyzed using qRT-PCR. The results demonstrated that both 25 and 50 mg/L EBR could increase astaxanthin productivity and the eight carotenogenic genes were up-regulated by EBR with different expression profiles. Moreover, EBR25 induction had a greater influence on the transcriptional expression of ipi-1, ipi-2, crtR-B, lyc and crtO (> 5- fold up-regulation) than on psy, pds, bkt; EBR50 treatment had a greater effect on the transcriptional expression of ipi-2, pds, lyc, crtR-B, bkt and crtO than on ipi-1 and psy. Furthermore, astaxanthin biosynthesis under EBR was up-regulated mainly by ipi1־ and psy at the post-transcriptional level, pds, lyc, crtR-B, bkt and crtO at the transcriptional level and ipi-2 at both levels.


Subject(s)
Brassinosteroids/pharmacology , Carotenoids/biosynthesis , Chlorophyta/genetics , Plant Growth Regulators/pharmacology , RNA, Messenger/metabolism , Steroids, Heterocyclic/pharmacology , Analysis of Variance , Carotenoids/genetics , Chlorophyta/cytology , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , RNA, Messenger/genetics , Transcription, Genetic , Xanthophylls/biosynthesis
7.
Bol. latinoam. Caribe plantas med. aromát ; 10(5): 476-488, sept. 2011. tab, graf, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-618830

ABSTRACT

The carotenoids are photosensitive pigments during photosynthesis. The objective of this work was to study the effect on development and accumulation of carotenoids in ligules of Tagetes erecta exposed under two different lighting ambient (with mesh and without mesh of 50 percent). The plant development was evaluated measuring the height of the plant, number of floral buds, the ligules diameter. In adition, the quantification and identification of carotenoids from ligules was done by HPLC. The results showed significant differences (p<0.05) in the height of the plant, number of floral buds and ligules diameter of T. erecta. The group grown without mesh received greater UV radiation and different temperature, that under a mesh. The first conditions lead to a reduction of the ligules diameter and total content of xanthophylls (lutein and zeaxanthin). The plastids ultrastructure in the cells of T. erecta developed with mesh showed the greatest amount of thylakoid membranes and more conspicuous starch granules.


Los carotenoides son pigmentos fotosensibles frente a un exceso de intensidad luminosa durante el proceso de fotosíntesis. El objetivo de este trabajo fue el estudio del efecto en el desarrollo de la planta y la acumulación de carotenoides por la exposición a dos diferentes intensidades lumínicas (con y sin malla de sombra al 50 por ciento). Se evaluó el desarrollo de T. erecta en cuanto a la altura de la planta, número de botones florales y el diámetro de las lígulas. Adicionalmente, en las lígulas se cuantificaron e identificaron los carotenoides por HPLC. Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas (p<0.05) en cuanto al desarrollo de las plantas expuestas a mayor radiación UV y temperatura, presentaron reducción del diámetro de las lígulas y disminución en el contenido de Xantófilas totales ( luteína y zeaxantina) con respecto a las cultivadas con malla,. La ultraestructura de los plastidios mostró mayor cantidad de membranas tilacoidales y gránulos de almidón más conspicuos en las células de las plantas de T erecta desarrolladas con malla.


Subject(s)
Calendula/growth & development , Carotenoids/analysis , Lighting , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Culture Media , Calendula/metabolism , Calendula/chemistry , Carotenoids/biosynthesis , Photosynthesis , Pigments, Biological , Plastids , Spectrophotometry , Temperature , Xanthophylls
8.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 106(supl.1): 134-141, Aug. 2011. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-597255

ABSTRACT

The development of new drugs is one strategy for malaria control. Biochemical pathways localised in the apicoplast of the parasite, such as the synthesis of isoprenic precursors, are excellent targets because they are different or absent in the human host. Isoprenoids are a large and highly diverse group of natural products with many functions and their synthesis is essential for the parasite's survival. During the last few years, the genes, enzymes, intermediates and mechanisms of this biosynthetic route have been elucidated. In this review, we comment on some aspects of the methylerythritol phosphate pathway and discuss the presence of diverse isoprenic products such as dolichol, ubiquinone, carotenoids, menaquinone and isoprenylated proteins, which are biosynthesised during the intraerythrocytic stages of Plasmodium falciparum.


Subject(s)
Humans , Erythrocytes , Plasmodium falciparum , Protein Prenylation/physiology , Terpenes , Carotenoids/biosynthesis , Dolichols/biosynthesis , Plasmodium falciparum/growth & development , Ubiquinone/biosynthesis
9.
Biol. Res ; 41(3): 289-301, 2008. ilus, tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-511919

ABSTRACT

Carotenoids are synthesized in prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. In plants and algae, these lipophilic molecules possess antioxidant properties acting as reactive oxygen species scavengers and exert functional roles in hormone synthesis, photosynthesis, photomorphogenesis and in photoprotection. During the past decade almost all carotenogenic genes have been identified as a result of molecular, genetic and biochemical approaches utilizing Arabidopsis thaliana as the model system. Studies carried out in leaves and fruits of A. thaliana and tomato determined that light regulates carotenoid biosynthesis preferentially through the modulation of carotenogenic gene transcription. In this work we showed for the first time that light induces accumulation of psy 1, pds and zds2 transcripts in leaves of Daucus carota (carrot), a novel plant model. In addition, modified roots of carrots exposed to light accumulate zdsl, whereas the pds gene is highly repressed, suggesting that some carotenogenic genes, which are expressed in roots, are regulated by light. Additionally, light negatively regulates the development of the modified carrot root in a reversible manner. Therefore, this suggests that light affects normal growth and carotenogenic gene expression in the modified root of carrot plants. The molecular insight gained into the light-regulated expression of carotenoid genes in this and other model systems will facilitate our understanding of the regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis to improve the prospects for the metabolic engineering of carotenoid production in plants.


Subject(s)
Carotenoids/genetics , Daucus carota/genetics , Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/genetics , Light , Models, Genetic , Carotenoids/biosynthesis , Daucus carota/metabolism , Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/radiation effects , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
10.
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences. 2008; 11 (1): 25-32
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-87036

ABSTRACT

Fungi produce many different carotenoids and some are attractive in medical and industrial sources. In this work the ability of Mucor hiemalis [PTCC 5292] to produce carotenoids in media with different nitrogenous and carbon sources and incubation with white, yellow, blue and red lights [15W, 220V, E27] against dark-grown were studied. The microorganism cultivation in SDA medium, with or without aeration [120 rpm] at 25°C. Mycelia were collected and dried at 50°C. The dried mycelia were homogenized in hexane, acetone and H2SO4 [0.5 M] solvents. The carotenoids determined by TLC and HPLC methods. The results showed that M. hiemalis accumulated astaxanthin [mono-esters, di-esters and free], echinenone and canthaxanthin in the mycelia in different conditions. Blue and white lights incubation was the best for production of carotenoid pigments with 1.2 and 1.33 mg/g dried mycelia respectively, but the red light incubation not only did not have an amplifying effect on the production of carotenoid but also slightly reduced this effect. Also, the effect of intervention of lactose sugar showed more effectiveness in producing carotenoid than yeast extract and dextrose or in the presence of both of them. The information reported in this study on the comparative ability of M.hiemalis for producing carotenoids, should be useful for assessing the biotechnological production of carotenoid pigments if it incubates with white or blue lights


Subject(s)
Carotenoids/biosynthesis , Light , Nitrogen , Carbon , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
11.
Biol. Res ; 40(1): 73-84, 2007. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-456610

ABSTRACT

In the yeast Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous the genes idi, crtE, crtYB, crtl and ast are involved in the biosynthesis of astaxanthin from isopentenyl pyrophosphate. The carotenoid production and the kinetics of mRNA expression of structural genes controlling the carotenogenesis in a wild-type ATCC 24230 and in carotenoid overproducer deregulated atxS2 strains were studied. The biosynthesis of carotenoid was induced at the late exponential growth phase in both strains. However, the cellular carotenoid concentration was four times higher in atxS2 than in the wild-type strain in the exponential growth phase, suggesting that carotenogenesis was deregulated in atxS2 at the beginning of growth. In addition, the maximum expression of the carotenogenesis genes at the mRNA level was observed during the induction period of carotenoid biosynthesis in the wild-type strain. The mRNA level of the crtYB, crtl, ast genes and to a lesser extent the idi gene, decayed at the end of the exponential growth phase. The mRNA levels of the crtE gene remained high along the whole growth curve of the yeast. In the atxS2 strain the mRNA levels of crtE gene were about two times higher than the wild-type strain in the early phase of the growth cycle.


Subject(s)
Basidiomycota/genetics , Carotenoids/genetics , Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal , Basidiomycota/metabolism , Culture Media , Carotenoids/biosynthesis , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , RNA, Fungal/genetics , RNA, Messenger/genetics , Xanthophylls
12.
Rev. biol. trop ; 53(3/4): 331-337, sept.-dic. 2005. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-451263

ABSTRACT

Se realizaron cultivos discontinuos (medio Algal con 0.5 mM de NaNO3 y 27% de NaCl) de cinco cepas de Dunaliella sp., aisladas de diferentes lagunas hipersalinas de Venezuela (Araya, Coche, Peonía, Cumaraguas y Boca Chica) y una cepa de referencia (Dunaliella salina LB1644). Los bioensayos se mantuvieron a 25 ± 1 °C con aireación constante, fotoperiodo 12:12 y dos intensidades luminosas (195 y 390 µE.m-2.s-1) durante 30 días. El crecimiento celular se determinó diariamente mediante conteo celular en cámara de Neubaüer. La clorofila a y los carotenoides totales se analizaron al final del ensayo. Las mayores densidades celulares correspondieron a los ensayos de menor intensidad luminosa. La cepa que alcanzó la mayor densidad celular fue la aislada de Boca Chica (8 x106 y 2.5 x106 cel.ml-1 a 195 y 390 µE.m-2.s-1, respectivamente). El incremento de la intensidad luminosa en los cultivos produjo una disminución significativa de las tasas de crecimiento en todas las cepas. Los carotenoides totales por volumen fueron mayores a 390 µE.m-2 .s-1; siendo las cepas de referencia LB1644, Coche y Araya las que produjeron mayor cantidad (38.4; 32.8 y 21.0 µg.ml-1, respectivamente). El contenido de carotenoides totales por célula en los dos tratamientos fue significativamente diferente, obteniéndose la mayor concentración a 390 µE.m-2.s-1. Las cepas LB1644 y Coche fueron las que produjeron los valores más altos de carotenos (137.14 y 106.06 pg.cel-1, respectivamente). La cepa LB1644 presentó la mayor relación carotenoides totales:clorofila a (20:1) a 195 µE.m-2.s-1, mientras que en la cepa Coche no se evidenciaron diferencias significativas entre las dos intensidades (15:1). El resto de las cepas mostraron relaciones inferiores a uno. Nuestros resultados sugieren que las cepas Coche y Araya pueden ser potencialmente utilizadas en la biotecnología de producción de carotenoides


We evaluated discontinuous cultures (Algal medium at 0.5 mM of NaNO3 , and 27% NaCl) of five strains of Dunaliella sp. isolated from Venezuelan hypersaline lagoons (Araya, Coche, Peonía, Cumaraguas, and Boca Chica) and one strain from a reference collection (Dunaliella salina, LB1644). Cultures were maintained to 25±1 °C, with constant aeration, photoperiod 12:12, and two light intensities (195 and 390 µE.m-2 .s-1) during 30 days. Cell count was recorded on a daily basis using a Neubaüer camera. Totals of chlorophyll a and carotenoids were measured at the end of the experiment. The largest cellular densities were measured during the smallest light intensities. The strain with the largest cellular density was isolated from Boca Chica (8 x106 and 2.5 x106 cel.ml-1 a 390 and 195µE.m-2 .s-1, respectively). The increment of light intensity produced a significant reduction of growth rates in all strains. Totals of carotenoids by volume were as large as 390 µE.m-2 .s-1. Strains LB1644, from Coche and Araya were those that produced the largest amount of carotenoids (38.4; 32.8 and 21.0 µg.ml-1 , respectively). Differences total carotenoids by cell between treatments were significant. The largest concentration was 390 µE.m-2 .s-1 . The strains LB1644 and Coche produced the highest values of carotenes (137.14 and 106.06 pg.cel-1, respectively). Differences in the relation carotenoid:chlorophyll a between the strains at various light intensities was significant. Strains LB1644 presented the largest value of the relation carotenoids:chlorophyll a (20:1) at 195 µE.m-2 .s-1. No significant differences were detected in the strain Coche (15:1). All the other strains showed relations lower than one. Our results suggest that the strains of Coche and Araya show potential to be used in the biotechnology of carotenoids production


Subject(s)
Chlorophyta/metabolism , Carotenoids/biosynthesis , Chlorophyll/biosynthesis , Chlorophyta/classification , Light , Sodium Chloride , Venezuela
13.
Biol. Res ; 38(2/3): 151-162, 2005. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-424719

ABSTRACT

The carotenogenic microalga Dunaliella salina is cultivated as a natural source of ¾ƒ-carotene. The 9-cis isomer of ¾ƒ-carotene is found only in natural sources having commercial advantages over the all-trans isomer due to its high liposolubility and antioxidant power. High irradiance appears to stimulate specifically all-trans ¾ƒ-carotene accumulationin D. salina, whereas low temperature apparently elicits ¾ƒ-carotene and 9-cis ¾ƒ-carotene production. We studied the effect of temperature and irradiance on the growth and the carotenogenesis of three Chilean (CONC-001, CONC-006 and CONC-007) and four non-Chilean (from Mexico, China, Australia and Israel) strains of D. salina cultivated under two photon flux densities (40 and 110 _ 6mol photons.m-2.s-1) and two temperatures (15 and 26ùª C). The Chilean strain CONC-001 and all of the non-Chilean strains exhibited the highest growth rates and the maximum cell densities, whereas the Chilean strains CONC-006 and CONC-007 showed the lowest values in both parameters. The Australian strain showed the highest accumulation of total carotenoids per unit volume (40.7 mg.L-1), whereas the Chilean strains CONC-006 and CONC-007, the only ones isolated from Andean environments, yielded the highest amounts of carotenoids per cell (61.1 and 92.4 pg.cell_1, respectively). Temperature was found to be more effective than irradiance in changing the qualitative and quantitative carotenoids composition. The Chilean strains accumulated 3.5-fold more ¾ƒ-carotene than the non-Chilean strains when exposed to 15ùª C and, unlike the non-Chilean strains, also accumulated this pigment at 26ùª C. The 9-cis/all-trans ¾ƒ-carotene ratio was > 1.0 in all treatments for all strains, and the values were not greatly influenced by either temperature or photon flux density. Physiological and biotechnological implications of these results are discussed.


Subject(s)
Seaweed/growth & development , Seaweed/radiation effects , Seaweed/physiology , Seaweed/chemistry , Carotenoids/biosynthesis , Carotenoids , Australia , Chile , China , Israel , Mexico , Temperature
14.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 29(1): 105-10, Jan. 1996. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-161660

ABSTRACT

Daily oscillations of both beta-carotene and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity are related to the intracellular control of reactive oxygen species (ROS). It is well established that ROS are present in all aerobic cells. We studied the marine dinoflagellate Gonyaulax polyedra which has been extensively used as a model to understand the biological clock at the molecular level. beta-Carotene, besides suppressing singlet molecular oxygen (1O2), may act as a photoreceptor pigment in many photosynthetic cells. The levels of beta-carotene during the day phase were shown to be twice as high as during the night phase. The dose-response curve for light-induced carotenoid synthesis was linear for up to 45 min of light exposure, after which night phase cells contained the same levels of beta-carotene as day phase cells. Cells exposed to light pulses at different times during the dark period displayed the highest beta-carotene induction in the middle of the night. SOD activity of cell-free extracts of G. polyedra was three to four times higher during the day. This rhythm continued in cells kept in constant light, indicating that the regulation can be attributed to the cellular circadian clock. Non-denaturing polyacrylamide gels revealed the presence of several SOD isoenzymes in G. polyedra, including CuZnSOD and MnSOD. Furthermore, G. polyedra SOD cross-reacts with a polyclonal antibody raised against SOD. In addition to being gene regulated by ROS concentration, G. polyedra SOD expression seems also to be under the control of the biological clock.


Subject(s)
Carotenoids/biosynthesis , Dinoflagellida/physiology , Reactive Oxygen Species , Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism , Carotenoids/chemistry , Circadian Rhythm , Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
15.
Biol. Res ; 29(2): 227-36, 1996.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-228536

ABSTRACT

We studied the effect of salt concentration on the growth and carotenogenesis in two Chilean strains of Dunaliella salina, CONC-006 and CONC-007, cultivated in two media of different chemical composition J/l and PES, under controlled laboratory conditions. Growth rates, k (div day-1), intrinsic production rates of total carotenoids per unit time rcar (day-1), maximum levels of total carotenoids, K (mg l-1), and maximum production of total carotenoids per unit time, rK/4 (micrograms l-1 day-1) were estimated from growth and carotenogenesis data. The highest maximum productivity of total carotenoids was 978 micrograms l-1 day-1 obtained in CONC-007 at 25 percent NaCl, and the lowest 15 micrograms l-1 day-1, in CONC-006 at 30 percent NaCl, both growing in PES medium. CONC-007 showed the highest growth rates, 0.76 and 0.65 div day-1, at the lowest salt concentration (5 percent) in PES and J/1, respectively. On the contrary, the strain CONC-006 exhibited a different growth pattern in both media. Its maximum growth rate in J/1 was 0.37 div day-1 at 20 percent NaCl, and in PES, 0.53 div day-1 at 5 percent NaCl. According to these results, the best integration of growth and carotenogenesis in CONC-007 was obtained at 15 percent NaCl in J/1 from 10 to 25 percent NaCl in PES and in CONC-006, from 5 to 20 percent NaCl in J/1 and from 5 to 10 percent NaCl in PES


Subject(s)
Carotenoids/biosynthesis , Carotenoids/physiology , Eukaryota/growth & development , Eukaryota/metabolism , Salts , Chile
16.
Hamdard Medicus. 1995; 38 (3): 102-108
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-37399

ABSTRACT

Carotenoids are the predominant pigments of citrus fruits. Carotenes, cryptoflavin, cryptoxanthin, uterin, luteoxanthins, phytofluene and violaxanthin are the most common carotenoids studied extensively in citrus plants. In early stage of peel formation of Satsuma mandarin fruits, diol and hydrocarbons were most abundant carotenoid groups followed by polyol, diol, epoxide and monols. Sannen independently discovered that pale colouration of Turkish Satsuma mandarin fruits was due to lack of deep coloured carotenoids such as beta-citraurine and /beta-apo-8'carotenal. Interstocks significantly affected beta-carotene and lycopene in the peel and pulp of grapefruit on C. reshni stocks. In the tissue culture studies on Citrus plants of C. grandis, C. sinensis, C. aurantifolia, C. karna and C. jambhiri were regenerated from different types of explants both of reproductive and vegetative origin. Retention of the regenerative potentiality by cultures of proliferating shoots of C. grandis and C. aurantifolia over a period of more than 13 years and 7 years respectively is yet another aspect of far reaching significance for germplasm preservation by the development of Tissue banks


Subject(s)
Carotenoids/biosynthesis , Plants, Medicinal
17.
An. venez. nutr ; 5: 69-73, 1994. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-162572

ABSTRACT

Con el propósito de investigar los compuestos presentes en el hígado derivados del metabolismo, se inocularon intraperitonealmente ratas hembras de 8 semanas de nacida con (11,12 H)- acetato de retinol en concentraciones fisiológicas. Por técnicas cromatográficas se demostró la presencia de tres compuestos radioactivos, dos con características no polar (I y II) y un tercero polar (III). El compuesto I se identificó como palmitato de retinol, lo cual permite concluir que solamente se almacena en el hígado bajo esa forma. Utilizando técnicas de doble marcaje isotópico, con (3Hz)-retinol y (14 C)-galactosa, ó (3H9-retinol y (32P)-fosfato, se demostró en el compuesto III la presencia de los tres isótopos. Por sus propiedades de hidrólisis ácida y alcalina en condiciones suaves, se concluyó que el derivado polar III es fosfato de retinil galactosa. Este compuesto podría ser el donador de restos galactosil en biosíntesis de glicoproteínas


Subject(s)
Rats , Animals , Carotenoids/biosynthesis , Glycoproteins/biosynthesis , Liver/metabolism , Vitamin A/biosynthesis , Biochemistry
18.
Arch. latinoam. nutr ; 42(2): 146-54, jun. 1992. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-125529

ABSTRACT

Se analizó cuatro introducciones de frutos Pejibaye (Bactris gasipaes) maduro por extracto etéreo, carotenoides totales y su conversión biológica en vitamina A. Además, se estimó la porción comestible en fruto cocido. El contenido de extracto etéreo en fruto crudo varió de 8.2 a 12.9% en base seca (BS), en cocido de 5.7 a 12.4% BS y su retención por efecto de la coción fue de 69-100%. El contenido de carotenoides en pejibaye crudo y cocido es similar, 4.8 a 29.9%, respectivamente, resultando una retensión de carotenoides entre 85 y 101%. La porción comestible promedio fue de 68 ñ 2%. La eficiencia de conversión de los carotenoides en vitamina A se midió en ratas por la técnica de depleción y varió de 14 a 50% según la introducción evaluada. No se encontró diferencias (p > 0.05) en la eficiencia de alimentación de las ratas alimentadas con la dieta control y experimentales. Se encontró que el contenido de carotenoides se correlaciona inversamente con el extracto etéreo (r = 0.8 p < 0.02). La coción no afectó significativamente el contenido del extracto etéreo y de carotenoides, exceptuando en una introducción. A partir de la eficiencia de conversión de los carotenoides y las recomendaciones de retinol, se estimó que un adulto requiere en tres introducciones consumir para satisfacer sus necesidades diarias de vitamina A un sólo pajibaye y 7 en la restante


Subject(s)
Carotenoids/biosynthesis , Fruit/analysis , Vitamin A
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